Kei runga i te poraka rango te pane o te rango, e hiri ana i te rango mai i runga, ā, e hanga ana i te rūma mura. He maha ngā wā ka pā atu ki te hau pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei, nō reira he nui te kawenga wera me te kawenga miihini e mau ana. Kei roto i te pane rango o te miihini whakamatao-wai he koti wai whakamatao, ā, ko te kōhao wai whakamatao i te pito o raro o te pane rango e hono ana ki te kōhao wai whakamatao o te poraka rango. Whakamahia te wai e rere ana hei whakamatao i ngā wāhanga pāmahana teitei pērā i te rūma mura.
Kei te pane rango anō hoki ngā nohoanga takirere whakauru me te putanga hau, ngā kōhao ārahi takirere hei tāuta i ngā takirere whakauru me te putanga hau, tae atu ki ngā ara whakauru me te putanga hau. He kōhao te pane rango o te miihini penehīni hei tāuta i ngā mono mura, ko te pane rango o te miihini tīhiera he kōhao hei tāuta i ngā werohanga wahie. He kōhao hoki te pane rango o te miihini camshaft o runga hei tāuta i te camshaft.
Ko te pane rango he mea hanga i te rino maka hina, i te rino maka koranu rānei. He pai te kawe wera o te koranu konumohe, he mea whai hua hei whakapai ake i te ōwehenga kōpeketanga.
He wāhanga nui te pane rango o te rūma mura. He nui te awe o te āhua o te rūma mura ki te mahi a te miihini. Nā te rerekētanga o ngā tikanga mura o ngā miihini penehīni me ngā miihini tīhiera, he rerekē rawa ngā wāhanga o te pane rango e hanga ana i te rūma mura. Ko te rūma mura o te miihini penehīni kei runga i te pane rango, ko te rūma mura o te miihini tīhiera kei roto i te poka i runga i te piston.

Ngā Ine mō ngā Kapiti o te Upoko Puoto
1. Me whakau kia ōrite te whakau o ngā pūtu o te pane rango, ā, me whakarite tika te wā tuku hinu.
2. Me tāpiri he wai ngohengohe ki te tāke wai, ā, me whakapoto te whakawhiti i te wai.
3. Me karo te mīhini tīhiera i te mahi i raro i te taumaha rawa mō te wā roa.
4. Ina mahi ana te mīhini, ā, he iti te wai i roto i te tāke wai i ētahi wā, kaua e whakawetohia tonutia, engari me whakahaere i te tere iti, ā, me tāpiri mārire te wai. Kaua e tāpirihia he wai matao i muri i te wera o te mīhini, ā, me tatari kia heke te pāmahana o te wai ki raro i te 40°C i mua i te tango i te wai i muri i te tūnga waka. I te takurua makariri, kāore e taea te tāpiri tonu i te wai kohua, engari me whakamahana te wai i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tāpirihia he wai kohua.
5. Tirohia mēnā kua wetekina ngā pūwero wai whakamatao i te wā e huihui ana. Horoia te pūnaha whakamatao ki te wai kawakore i ia wā hei tango i te unahi me te hinu i te wā tika.